Paints and Methods of Application
Plans & Specs
Church
Residential

Schedule
Activities Before
Activities After

Codes
None

BASIC INGREDIENTS OF PAINT

25%    -Pigments, which give color to the coating
25%    -Binders, which act like glue to hold the pigment particles together. For example: Alkyd, latex, and urethane.
40%    -Solvents, which make the coating wet enough to spread on the surface, that eventually evaporate.  For example: mineral spirits (thinner), or water.
10%    -Additives, which perform special functions.  For example: thickeners and mildewcides.

This is the chemical breakdown of an average grade paint.  The important point to remember is that the higher the solvent level with less pigment and binder the lower the quality which will result in the less durability and life of the paint product.

CHARACTERISTICS OF PAINT

Solvent based - are often referred to as Alkyd, or (oil) base paints.  This type of paint is the most durable for interior and exterior applications.  One problem with this type of paint is the odor.  The fumes are toxic and can cause serious health problems if inhaled over a long period of time. Another problem is since lead has been removed from this type of paint it is not as durable for exterior applications due to the cracking.  Cleanup with paint thinner.

Water based - are referred to as latex, acrylic, and vinyl latex paint.  This type of paint is most popular among the average consumer because of easy application and clean-up.  This type of paint can be applied to interior and exterior surfaces.  Because of the improvements with special additives added to latex it has proven to be very durable on exterior surfaces due to the ability to expand and contract without cracking.  Cleanup with water

Stains - contain all of the four basic ingredients, but use a unique binder that causes the coating to penetrate deeply into the surface.  Stains are available in oil or latex base.  They are also classified as semi-transparent (wood grain and texture showing through), or solid color (hiding grain with texture showing through).  Cleanup with paint thinner

Epoxies - also contain all the four basic ingredients except the binder is a catalyst that is mixed in separately with the other ingredients, only allowing a certain amount of time for application.  This is usually only applied by qualified professionals. (Drying time usually 4 to 12 hours depending on the temperature.) This is the most durable paint on the market today; some of the uses for this paint would be metal storage tanks, bridges, hospitals, and other heavy industrial uses.
streamline finishes.

Primers are specially formulated coating that adhere well to certain surfaces and make them uniform. They are used as a first coat on a variety of bare surfaces to:
- Promote adhesion of topcoat to the surface
- Prevent rust
- Seal stains
- Provide a base coat
- Provide a barrier coat

METHODS OF APPLICATION
These points are important to consider before application.

KNOW YOUR PRODUCT
A.    Generic Type - alkyd or latex
PVA latex are best for bare Drywall surfaces
Alkyd primers are best for bare wood
For finish, Alkyds or Latex can be used depending on preference.

B.     Price Point   - Are you willing to pay for quality?
what expectations do you expect from paint?

C.    Color  - Determine which color goes where.

D.    Number of Coats- Depending on the quality of the paint will determine the number
of coats. Typically 1 coat primer, 2 coats finish.

KNOW YOUR TOOLS

A.    Which brush(es) to use, dependent upon material and substrate.
1.    China bristle for Alkyds (Oils)
2.    Nylon for Latex (Water based)

B.     Which roller(s) to use, dependent upon material and substrate.
1.     1/4" to 3/8" for smooth surfaces
2.     1/2" for semi-rough surfaces
3.     3/4" to 1-1/4" for rough surfaces

C.  Spray
 1.     conventional or airless (for large jobs)
2.      pressure at gun (should be reduced if spraying close to surface.)
3.      tip size (finer the tip for lacquers and stains.)

Technique   - "dry" brush or roll and feather the edges.

Touch-up
Type of Paint - some types of paint blend into the existing paint better than others

1) LATEX:      FLAT - EXCELLENT
EG-SHEL - VERY GOOD
SEMI-GLOSS - GOOD
GLOSS – FAIR

2) ALKYD:     FLAT - VERY GOOD
EG-SHEL - GOOD
SEMI-GLOSS - FAIR
GLOSS – POOR

PAINTING PROCEDURE

1.    Set all nails.

2.    Fill all nail holes.  A good quality painter’s putty works well.  It fills the holes and does not shrink as it dries.  It is easy to use, dries slowly, requires not sanding if done properly, can b e painted over immediately, and does not crack of loosen.  You may want to use some talcum powder on your hands before you start to keep the putty from sticking to your hands and fingers.  When you fill the holes be very careful not to press too hard.  If you press too hard you will create a dimple in the nail hole that will show up after it is painted.
 
3.    Caulking
a.    Use a good quality caulk.  For most people a latex painting caulk works well.
b.    Adjust the size if the opening according to the size of the gap you are filling.  For most situations about a 1/8” diameter hole in the end of the tube is fine.
c.    Cut the tip of the caulking tube in about a 45 degree angle. 
d.    Caulk the seams between the wall and the top of the baseboards. 
e.    Keep the bead of caulk running smooth and consistent.
f.    After you run a bead of caulk you may have to run your finger over the caulk to smooth it out and fill any gaps that may have been skipped.  Carry a paper towel with you to wipe any excess caulk that may accumulate on your finger.
g.    Caulk all the joints in the door frames, casing, jambs, and door stops.  Check the miter joints in the corners of the casing.  Caulk as necessary.
h.    Check the joints in the corners of the baseboard.  Caulk them as needed.

4.    There is a lot of dust hanging on the walls from sanding the drywall.  Brush off all the walls.
 
5.    If you are going to paint by hand (roller and brush skip to step 10.

6.    Scrape the floors cleaning the drywall droppings off the floor.

7.    Sweep the entire house very carefully.

8.    Vacuum the floors use a nozzle to vacuum underneath the baseboards.  If you use an airless sprayer it will blow the dirt out from under the baseboard and plaster it up onto your clean walls and make a mess.

9.    Mask the windows, cabinets and bath fixtures with masking tape and paper.  You may find a masking machine a very useful tool.  You can buy one at any paint store.

10.    Have a good, intense source of light when you paint so you can see what you are doing clearly.

11.    Prime the wood trim first.  Use a trim primer not the same primer you use on the walls.  Wall primer will not stick as well to wood and raises the grain on the wood making it rough.  Don’t worry too much about the primer you get on the drywall; it won’t hurt.

12.    Next prime the walls.  Use a polyvinyl acetate (PVA sealer) or other primer specifically made to prime drywall.  The PVA sealer will not hide all the nail and drywall mud marks on the walls.  It is quite transparent.  The paint will cover up these marks. 

13.    Using a pole sander or piece of very fine (220 grit or higher) drywall sandpaper sand the walls and trim lightly.

14.    Using a brush clean the walls and trim as before.

15.    If you are spraying the walls, vacuum the floor again.

16.    Paint the baseboards and trim first.  If you are painting the trim and baseboards a different color than the walls, paint them first.  Don’t worry about what you get on the wall.  It will be covered up when you paint the wall.

17.    If you are using a roller and brush, paint the corners first.  If you have a popcorn texture on the ceiling, cut in the top edge between the ceiling and walls.  If you are painting the baseboards and trim a different color cut them in before you paint the walls.  Paint out from the corners and down from the ceiling about 3-4 inches.  A long piece of metal of cutting blade will help a great deal.  Keep it clean so you don’t get paint on the ceiling.

18.    Roll the walls next.  If the baseboard and trim are different colors than the walls, do not get wall paint on the top of the baseboards.  Change colors in the corner.

19.    You may not need a third coat of paint.  If you do apply a third coat of paint, repeat steps 12-17.

20.    Remove the masking paper very carefully.  The paint may stick to it.