|
Winter 2003 |
Chemical Engineering 518 |
K. A.
Solen |
|
|
Biomedical Engineering Principles |
|
|
|
Reading and Homework Assignments |
|
|
Date |
Topic |
Reading
Due |
|
Homework |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Set
No. |
Problems
Due |
|
1 |
M
1/6 |
Introduction |
--- |
--- |
--- |
|
2 |
W
1/8 |
Body Material Balances |
Chapters 1 and 2# |
--- |
--- |
|
3 |
F
1/10 |
Blood Properties/Rheology |
pp. 37-54# |
1 |
2.1@,2.3@,2.5@ |
|
4 |
M
1/13 |
Blood Properties/Rheology |
pp. 54-64# |
2 |
3.1,3.2,SP2 |
|
5 |
W
1/15 |
Circulatory Dynamics |
pp. 69-89# |
3 |
3.4,3.7@,SP3,LR1 |
|
6 |
F
1/17 |
Neuroprosthetics |
--- |
4 |
4.1@,4.2@,4.3@,SP4 |
|
|
M
1/20 |
Holiday (Martin Luther
King Day) |
|
|
|
|
7 |
W
1/22 |
*Heat Generation/Losses |
pp.93-124# |
--- |
LR2 |
|
8 |
F
1/24 |
Body Heat Exchange |
pp.124-141# |
5 |
5.2,5.3@ |
|
9 |
M
1/27 |
Body Heat Exchange |
pp. 141-149# |
6 |
5.4@,5.6@ |
|
10 |
W
1/29 |
Heat Transfer in Tumors |
--- |
7 |
SP5,start SP6,LR3 |
|
11 |
F
1/31 |
*Pharmokinetic Modeling |
pp. 157-180# |
8 |
5.5@,SP6 |
|
12 |
M
2/3 |
Pharmokinetic Modeling |
pp. 180-190# |
9 |
6.1@,6.2@,LR4 |
|
13 |
W
2/5 |
Pharmokinetic Modeling |
pp. 190-203# |
10 |
6.3 |
|
14 |
F
2/7 |
Pharmokinetic Modeling |
pp.203-214,220-222# |
11 |
SP7 |
|
15 |
M
2/10 |
Non-invasive Imaging |
--- |
12 |
6.5,SP8 |
|
16 |
W
2/12 |
Tissue Engbineering |
--- |
13 |
SP9 |
|
17 |
F
2/14 |
*Orthopedics/Robotics |
--- |
--- |
--- |
|
|
M
2/17 |
Holiday (Presidents Day) |
|
|
|
|
18 |
Tu
2/18 |
Blood-Biomaterial Reactions |
pp. 65-66 |
--- |
--- (Engin. Week) |
|
19 |
W
2/19 |
Biomaterials |
--- |
--- |
--- (Engin. Week) |
|
20 |
F
2/21 |
Biomaterials |
--- |
--- |
--- (Engin. Week) |
|
21 |
M
2/24 |
Membrane Transport |
pp.229-248,254-256# |
14 |
SP10 |
|
22 |
W
2/26 |
Membrane Transport |
pp.248-254,256-266# |
15 |
7.1, Term Paper critique |
|
23 |
F
2/28 |
Drug Delivery Systems |
--- |
16 |
7.3@ |
|
24 |
M
3/3 |
Artificial Pancreas |
--- |
17 |
7.5@,SP11,SP12 |
|
25 |
W
3/5 |
*Kidney Analysis/Models |
pp. 269-284# |
--- |
Term Paper draft (2 copies) |
|
26 |
F
3/7 |
Kidney Analysis/Models |
pp. 284-291# |
18 |
8.1@,8.2,8.3 |
|
27 |
M
3/10 |
Kidney Analysis/Models |
pp. 291-297# |
19 |
8.5@ |
|
28 |
W
3/12 |
Artificial Kidneys |
pp. 301-314, History I# |
--- |
--- |
|
29 |
F
3/14 |
Artificial Kidneys |
pp. 314-331, History II# |
--- |
--- |
|
30 |
M
3/17 |
Artificial Kidneys |
pp. 331-336, History III# |
--- |
--- |
|
31 |
W
3/19 |
Artificial Kidneys |
--- |
20 |
9.1 |
|
32 |
F
3/21 |
*Pulmonary Physiology |
pp. 341-354# |
21 |
9.2@,9.3@,9.4@ |
|
33 |
M
3/24 |
Pulmonary Physiology |
pp. 354-370# |
--- |
TERM PAPER DUE |
|
34 |
W
3/26 |
FIELD TRIP |
--- |
22 |
10.1,10.2@ |
|
35 |
F
3/28 |
Pulmonary Models |
pp. 371-381# |
23 |
10.4,10.6@ |
|
36 |
M
3/31 |
Pulmonary Models |
pp. 381-392# |
24 |
10.7@ |
|
37 |
W
4/2 |
Artificial Blood |
|
25 |
10.8,SP13 |
|
38 |
F
4/4 |
Artificial Oxygenators |
pp. 399-426# |
--- |
--- |
|
39 |
M
4/7 |
Artificial Oxygenators |
pp. 427-437# |
--- |
--- |
|
40 |
W
4/9 |
*Term Papers |
--- |
26 |
11.3@,11.4@ |
|
41 |
F
4/11 |
Term Papers |
--- |
--- |
--- |
|
42 |
M
4/14 |
Term Papers |
--- |
--- |
--- |
Final Exam: Wednesday, April 23, 2:30-5:30
p.m.
*This class will begin with a mini-exam
@For this problem, see the notes below
#There are reading questions due for this reading
assignment
PROBLEM NOTES
2.1 a) In Table 2.1, tidal vol. and
ventilation rate refer to dry air. The volume of water in expired air is (p.
28)
volume
of water = volume of air [partial pressure of water/(760mmHg-part.pres.of
water)]
where the partial
pressure of water at body temperature is discussed on p.28. How does this volume of water loss
compare with daily water loss in the urine?
b) Start with values of ml (STP)/min given in the
text (reminder for those who havenít had chemistry for a LONG time: you will
need the ideal gas law.)
c) "Solids" refers primarily to NaCl; assume
0.14 N NaCl in the urine (Note:
for NaCl, 0.14N is the same as 0.14M.)
2.3 Compare your answer with that of 2.1c.
2.5 How does the stroke volume you found
compare to the stroke volume under resting conditions? (Write the answer to
this question in your homework also.)
3.7 The values given in the problem are way
out of harmony with reality. For your homework, replace the values with the
following:
|
Tube diameter: |
0.15 mm |
|
Tube length: |
3 mm |
|
Core region volume: |
0.0475 mm3 |
|
Peripheral annular region volume: |
0.0055 mm3 |
|
Total flow rate: |
3.30 mm3/s |
|
Core flow rate: |
3.28 mm3/s |
|
Peripheral region flow rate: |
0.02 mm3/s |
4.1 The answer is not quite the same as the value
in the table (the table value appears to be based on r=1.000)
4.2 Remember, gmean = (Integral of g dA)/Area
4.3 It is easier to rewrite the velocity
equation given in problem 4.2 in terms of vmax, which equals 2vaverage
for Newtonian flow.
5.3 Part c): "Net" loss means loss
to the environment minus gain from the environment (not including the sun)
Part d): For Pa, see the appendix to get
the water partial pressure for 100% humidity, then multiply times the relative
humidity
Part f): The ratio (moles H2O/moles air)
equals the ratio of their partial pressures (see the notes above for problem
2.1). Further, this can be converted to (mass H2O/mass air) using
the molecular weights, where MWair can be assumed to be 29.
5.4 Is the given value of It
reasonable in light of the discussion on page 129? How does the answer change
if It = 0.12ƒC hr m2/kcal?
5.5 Assume that the heat capacity for the
"core" is 0.86 cal/gƒC and that the blood leaves the "core"
at the "core temperature. Then write that the sum of the heat losses minus
heat gains equals the rate of decrease of heat content (-mcoreCp,core
dTcore/dt). This will lead to a first-order differential equation to
be solved.
5.6 a) Assume that the correlations given by
Cooney (based on the pressure at sea level) apply.
b) Because the mountain climbers are not at sea
level, will their water loss be smaller or greater than what you calculated in
part a)? Explain your answer. (Hint: See the notes above for problem 2.1)
6.1 After substituting Eq. 6.4 into Eq. 6.3,
note that
eat dy/dt + eat ay = d/dt(y eat)
where a = ke + km. The
last sentence in the problem statement means "What happens to B as
tó>infinity, and what is the significance of the result?"
6.2 Assume that urea production occurs in
both the visceral tissue and the lean tissue compartments according to
rate of production = k/(a + conc.)
where "k" and "a" are
constants particular to the compartment.
For convenience in labeling, assign the
following number labels to the compartments:
|
CSF |
1 |
|
Brain |
2 |
|
Visceral Blood |
3 |
|
Visceral Tissue |
4 |
|
Lean Blood |
5 |
|
Lean Tissue |
6 |
|
|
|
6.3
Cooneyís answer in the back of the book is wrong.
7.1
Remember, 0.14 N NaCl will dissociate into 0.14M Na+ and 0.14M Cl-. Also assume:
cH2O = 55.14 gmol/L
V = 18.136 cm3/gmol
R = 82.05 atm cm3/gmol K
7.3 Use Cooney's simplified treatment for
non-electrolytes, and neglect the transport of species other than urea. The
"partition coefficient" mentioned in the problem is the equilibrium
constant K = cm/cs
7.5 Assume that the solutions are
sufficiently dilute that g≈1. Also, on the side with no protein, how are
the Na+ and Cl- concentrations related?
8.1 Even though Cooney's anatomic concept is
wrong, let's assume that we can model the flow area between the
inter-digitating fingers as an array of pores with dimensions given by Cooney.
Assume Poiseuille flow. Also, note that npr4 = (npr2)r2 =
(pore area)r2
8.5 Set up a balance on the drug in the body,
where the output is glomerular filtration and the input is the same flow rate
of fluid (drug-free) recovered from the tubules. Assume that the drug
concentration in the glomerular filtrate is the same as in plasma. The blood
flow to the kidneys (1200 ml/min) does not enter into the equation.
9.2 Work this problem in two ways: 1) as
shown in the example problem on pp. 331-334 where a simplified form of the
Extraction Ratio E has been used, and 2) using the exact relationship for E as
given on p. 322. Explain the difference in the answers from the two methods in
terms of the physical significance of the assumptions? Which is the more
realistic answer? Why? Use the "more realistic" method in solving
problems 9.3 and 9.4.
9.3 See the note from problem 9.2.
9.4 See the note from problem 9.2.
10.2 After the first breath, assume that all
the breaths taken are of air.
10.6 Assume that the KD given on
p. 352 for respiratory gases in aqueous fluids is the same for the whole body.
Cooney's answer is wrong; he assumed that the diver was breathing 100% N2.
10.7 The relative competition for Hemoglobin
sites is reflected by the relative magnitudes of the O2 partial
pressure and the "effective" CO partial pressure (equal to 210 times
the actual partial pressure). The CO acts somewhat like nitrogen because it is
not being metabolized, so assume that the partial pressure of the inspired CO
will be "diluted" in the alveoli at the same ratio as the Nitrogen
partial pressure is decreased. Also assume that the partial pressure of O2
in the alveoli is the same as always. The fraction of hemoglobin sites bound by
CO can be estimated by
FractionCO = PCO,eff/(PO2
+ PCO,eff)
11.3 For the O2, RTot
= 2RMem, so KTot = 1/RTot = 1/2RMem
= KMem/2
11.4 The concentration of O2 in
the blood at the surface is different from those on p.420 of the text. To get cs (t), the Henry's Law constant is
0.024
ml O2 (BTP)/(ml blood atm)